French version
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French version
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New year正月 お正月 新年alternative words: Shogatsu, Oshogatsu, Shinnen, New year festival, New year celebration keywords: festival related topics: Osechi ryori , Ozoni , Kadomatsu , Mochi , Kagami mochi , Hanetsuki , Hagoita , Japanese kite , 7 fortune gods , Takarabune related web sites: http://www.komonsan.on.arena.ne.jp/htm/yeny.htm , http://www5.airnet.ne.jp/hukuta/nanyo/rekisi/kurasi.html explanation: New year's celebration begins with 108 rings of Buddhist temples (joya no kane) and people go to shrines or temples for the first prayer (hatsumode). The house entrance is decorated with pine boughs (kadomatsu) while on the alcove, round rice cakes (kagami mochi) are installed as offering to year's god (toshigami). During 1 week, people don't work so housewives have prepared special dishes which are easy to cook (osechi ryori). Children are offered money (otoshidama) to buy toys. Nichiren日蓮 日蓮上人alternative words: Holly Nichiren, Nichiren shonin, Nichiren dai shonin, Nichiren shounin keywords: buddhism, famous person, priest related topics: Buddhism , Kamakura shogunate , Nichiren sect , Invasion of Mongols related web sites: http://www2.justnet.ne.jp/~lotusueda/nichiren.htm , http://www.nichiren.or.jp , http://www.nichiren-etudes.net explanation: Born in 1222 in Chiba prefecture. Sent at the age of 12 to Kinki region to learn different Buddhism, he convinced himself of the superiority of Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) and condemned Jodo (Pure Land) belief. He entered the conflict with the latter and left the region for Kamakura. There, he wrote "Rissho ankokuron" who predicted a foreign invasion. For that reason, he was condemned to an exile to Sado island. After the Mongols' invasion, he was pardoned. He died in 1282 during a trip. Nichiren sect日蓮宗alternative words: Nichiren shu, Nichiren-shu, Nichirenshu, Nichirenshu sect, Hokke sect, Lotus sect keywords: buddhism, sect related topics: Nichiren , Kamakura period , Kamakura shogunate related web sites: http://www.nichiren.or.jp explanation: Buddhism sect founded by Nichiren during Kamakura period. Because of no compromising attitude toward the existing sects and Kamakura shogunate, they had been greatly persecuted. When Nichiren's prediction on a foreign invasion had been realized, the sect became popular. After the death of Nichiren, because of a friction between disciples, it has been split to several sects. Namu myoho renge kyo (I take my refuge in the Lotus Sutra) is their precept. Nihonshoki日本書紀 日本紀alternative words: Nihon-shoki, Nihon shoki, Nohongi, Nihon-gi, Nihon gi keywords: book related topics: Kojiki , Emperor Jimmu , Empress Jingu , Prince Yamatotakeru related web sites: http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~pip/ututu/ explanation: The oldest official Japanese history book. Written by Prince Toneri assisted by Oono Yasumaro and published in 720, it contains 30 volumes and embraces the mythological era until the end of Empress Jito's reign in 697. Contrary to Kojiki, published at the same epoch, Nihonshoki is an official book resulting from a synthesis of different sources: if there exists a contradiction on the description of a event, it enumerates different versions. Niko incident尼港事件alternative words: Nikou incident, Nikolayevsk incident, Nikolaevsk incident keywords: event, northern territory, war related topics: Siberian intervention related web sites: http://ww1.m78.com/sib/nikolayevsk%20misery.html , http://www1.odn.ne.jp/~aal99510/nikoujiken.htm explanation: In January 1920, Bolsheviks encircled Nikolaevsk near Sakhalin, where White Russians and hundreds of Japanese civilians protected by soldiers were living. Japanese let enter Bolsheviks but breaking the truce, they began to execute white Russians and also captured Japanese who protested it. Learning the arrival of Japanese rescue, they executed Japanese prisoners, too. Furious, Japan occupied North Sakhalin and asked the reparation. Russia executed the responsible and Japan left in 1925. Ninja忍者 忍の者 隠密alternative words: Ninja warrior keywords: martial art, ninja related topics: Ninjutsu , Sarutobi Sasuke , Hattori Hanzo , Sengoku period , Japanese dart , Iga ninja , Yamabushi related web sites: http://www.geocities.co.jp/Berkeley/2348/ , http://www.hello.co.jp/~usa0277/8600.html explanation: Persons who have mastered "Ninjutsu". Master of not only all the combat technique but also scientific knowledge like medicine and chemistry, their activity had been very intensive during Sengoku period. But most of these heroes, like Sarutobi Sasuke or Kirigakure Saizo were invented during Edo period when the war had ended: their exploits are so exaggerated that they look like a kind of superman or 007 Ninjutsu忍術 忍び 忍法alternative words: Ninjutu, Ninjitsu, Ninjitu, Shinobi, Ninpo, Ninpou keywords: martial art, ninja related topics: Ninja , Sengoku period , Heian period , Onmyodo related web sites: http://www.y-tec.com/ninja/index2.html , http://www.mpd.co.jp/net/ninja/japanese/menu.html explanation: One of the Japanese martial arts. Originated from Onmyodo of Heian period, it had been associated with a magic like prestidigitation or hypnoses and the medical knowledge. With a development of samurai society, more violent and combative technique had been introduced. During a civil war period of the 16th century (Sengoku period), the specialists of those arts (Ninja) had been highly appreciated and the famous schools of Ninjutsu like Koga and Iga had been prosperous. Ninomiya Kinjiro二宮金次郎 二宮尊徳alternative words: Ninomiya Sontoku, Kinjiro Ninomiya, Sontoku Ninomiya keywords: famous person, scholar, statesman related topics: Daimyo , Edo period related web sites: http://www.okasan.shogakukan.co.jp/back_number/rensai/takeuchi/99b_p102.html explanation: Born in 1787 in a poor peasant family of the western Kanagawa and lost both parents in childhood. But young Kinjiro succeeded to become a great land owner by hardworking abandoned fields. Due to the development of a money based economy, many daimyo of Kanto region had been over indebted so they asked an aid of Kinjiro to restore desolated villages. As a symbol of hardworking, many Japanese schools had a statue of young Kinjiro, reading a book while transporting firewood. Nishikie錦絵alternative words: Nishiki-e, Nishiki e keywords: art, ukiyoe related topics: Ukiyoe , Edo period , Hishikawa Moronobu , Suzuki Harunobu related web sites: http://www.tvz.com/nishiki-e/ , http://www.tokyo-gas.co.jp/gas_museum/nishiki_e/ , http://mdat.ff.tku.ac.jp/korea/korea.html explanation: Polychrome Ukiyoe art technique invented by Suzuki Harunobu around in 1765. Initiated by Hishikawa Moronobu at early Edo period, until this date Ukiyoe had only one (Sumizuri-e) or few colors (Tan-e and Benizuri-e). By superposing dozens of different color printing, each color showing light and shade, he succeeded to create the world's first full color printing. Since the invention of Harunobu, Ukiyoe had risen to the biggest popular art of Edo period. Nishikigoi
錦鯉
緋鯉
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