Online dictionary of history and traditions in Japan: world war 2

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Battleship Yamato

戦艦大和 戦艦武蔵 大和 武蔵
alternative words: Senkan Yamato, Battleship Musashi, Senkan Musashi, Musashi, Yamato
keywords: weapon , world war 2
related web sites: http://www.biwa.ne.jp/~yamato/index.htm , http://www.kcn.ne.jp/~nabeck/250yamato.htm
explanation: The largest battle ship ever built by Japanese imperial navy. Displacement: 64,000 tons, speed: 27 knots, main armament: 9x46 cm, length: 263 m. It was completed at Kure naval shipyard near Hiroshima in 1941 after the abrogation of London naval treaty in 1935. Yamato participated to the battles of Midway, Marianas and Leyte as flag ship. During a kamikaze sailing to Okinawa in April 1945, Yamato was sunk by hundreds of plans. Musashi sunk at battle of Leyte belongs to the same class.

Guandong army

関東軍
alternative words: Kwantung army, Kantogun, Kanto gun, Kantougun, Kantou gun
keywords: china , colony , office , weapon , world war 2
related topics: Guandong army , Manshukoku , Russo-Japanese war , Nomonhan incident
explanation: After Russo-Japanese war, Japan created an independent army group at Port Arthur in 1919 to protect Liaodong peninsula and south Manchurian railroad. After Manchurian incident in 1931, it conquered all the Manchuria and strove to protect Japanese interests by provoking Nomonhan incident. During the world war II, the best units were sent to Pacific front to fight against Americans so when Soviets entered the war on August 8, 1945, they collapsed without resistance.

Kaiten

人間魚雷回天 回天
alternative words: Human torpedo kaiten, Human torpedo
keywords: weapon , world war 2
related topics: Kamikaze
related web sites: http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~k_yasuto/album.htm , http://www.yasukuni.or.jp/museum/hall/kaiten.html , http://www2.ocn.ne.jp/~manabi/tokuyama/kaiten.htm
explanation: Human torpedo used by Japanese imperial navy at the last stage of world war II: the torpedo is guided by a pilot and explodes with him at the target. The total length 15m, diameter 1m, it owns a periscope and 1.6 ton of explosive. Initially proposed in 1943 by lieutenants Nishina and Kuroki, the plan was first rejected due to its consequence, but finally adopted in 1944 because of a hopeless situation. 4 training bases were created in Yamaguchi and Oita prefectures with 400 apparatus.

Kamikaze

神風
alternative words: Kami kaze, Kamikadze, Kami kadze, Kamukaze, Kamu kaze, Divine wind, Kamikaze wind
keywords: event , war , weapon , world war 2
related topics: Kamakura period , Invasion of Mongols , Amaterasu , Waka , Kaiten
related web sites: http://www.geocities.jp/kamikazes_site/ , http://ww8.tiki.ne.jp/~hidekun/7.htm , http://www.tokkotai.or.jp
explanation: Literally "divine wind", this word has been used in different contexts. Its first meaning is "makura kotoba" (debuting word in Waka poem) for Ise province which owns the main shrine of "Goddess Amaterasu". The second meaning is the gale which sank Mongol's ships during the invasion of 1274 and 1281. The third meaning is "special suicidal fighter pilots" used at the last phase of WWII. Finally you can use this word in any context, when you are saved from a hopeless situation.

Nomonhan incident

ノモンハン事件 ノモンハン
alternative words: Nomonhan jiken, Halha incident, Nomonhan war, Nomonhan, Khalkhin Gol, Khalkin Ghol, Halkin Gol
keywords: china , event , russia , war , world war 2
related topics: Manshukoku , Guandong army
related web sites: http://www.geocities.co.jp/WallStreet/7009/mg0104-2.htm , http://www.netlaputa.ne.jp/~house/nenpyo/taiheiyo/jikoh/nom.htm , http://www1.odn.ne.jp/~aal99510/index.html8.htm , http://www.orbit6.com/crisf/text/halh_gol.htm
explanation: After a secret agreement, Russia created Mongolian people's republic and Japan, Manchukuo but the frontier had not been clearly defined and a border crash took place in summer 1939. First Japanese Guandong army beat the small Mongolian army but Russia sent the best mechanized divisions and beat severely ill equipped Japanese. Moreover Germany and Russia concluded no aggression pact in August, the idea to consider Russia as a potential enemy retreated and Anglo-Saxon replaced it.

Yamamoto Isoroku

山本五十六 山本元帥 山本提督
alternative words: Isoroku Yamamoto, Admiral Yamamoto, Yamamoto
keywords: famous person , military man , world war 2
related topics: Russo-Japanese war , Mikasa , Karo
related web sites: http://www.propel.ne.jp/~rance/document_room/rance/rekishi/gunji/yamamoto.htm , http://www.iscb.net/mikio/199911/1118.htm , http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~sws6225/isosan.html
explanation: Born in 1884 at Nagaoka as son of a Confucianist, Takano Sadakichi and adopted later by ex Karo, Yamamoto Tatewaki. Graduated at Naval University, he lost 2 fingers by an explosion on board of Mikasa during Russo Japanese war. After having studied at Harvard university in 1919-1920, he led a newly created air naval division. In 1939, he became the chief commander of combined fleet and elaborated an attack on Pearl harbor. He died in 1943, during an inspection flight on Solomon Archipelagos.

Zero fighter

零式艦上戦闘機 零戦
alternative words: Zerosen, Reisen, Zero sen, Rei sen, Zeroshiki kanjo sentoki, Reishiki kanjo sentoki, Zero
keywords: weapon , world war 2
related topics: Emperor Jimmu
related web sites: http://contest.thinkquest.gr.jp/tqj1998/10043/zerosenhistory.html , http://www.biwa.ne.jp/~yamato/zeke.htm , http://www.imagineer.co.jp/pc/products/cp2/
explanation: The main fighter of Japanese navy during world war II with more than 10,000 examples. Created by Mitsubishi by using an engine of Nakajima hikoki (actual Fuji heavy industry), initially it surpassed any allied planes by its astonishing performance (maximum speed 560 km/h, range 3000 km with an auxiliary tank, 2x20 mm guns) and agility but soon surpassed by new American fighters such as p-38. Its name comes from the year of release, 1940, corresponding to 2600th year from emperor Jinmu.

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