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Kyushu Tandai
九州探題
鎮西探題
alternative words: Chinzei Tandai, Chinsei Tandai, Kyushutandai, Chinzeitandai
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Muromachi shogunate
,
Dazaifu
,
Invasion of Mongols
,
Nanbokucho period
,
Hojoshi
explanation: Office settled in 1293 at Dazaifu in Kyushu by Kamakura shogunate in order to facing Mongol invasion. The first responsible was Hojo Kanetoki. Since then the post was occupied traditionally by Hojo clans and charged with the regional military and judicial matters. The following Muromachi shogunate also created the same post in 1371in order to fight against the partisans of southern court in Kyushu during Nanbokucho schism period and Imagawa Sadayo was the first responsible.
Muromachi shogunate
室町幕府
alternative words: Muromachi bakufu, Ashikaga shogunate, Ashikaga bakufu
keywords:
office
,
shogun
related topics:
Muromachi period
,
Shogunate
,
Ashikaga Takauji
,
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
,
Oda Nobunaga
,
Onin war
,
Shugo
related web sites:
http://harachan.net/gon/history/his8.html
,
http://harachan.net/gon/history/his9.html
explanation: Shogunate opened by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336. Its political system was similar to Kamakura shogunate but the territorial controls scarcely extended beyond the region of Kyoto: each province had been administered by a powerful local seignior, called "Shugo Daimyo". Kanto region had been administered by Kanto Kanryo and Kyushu region by Kyushu Tandai. After Onin war, the shogunate became a symbolic institution and this pushed Oda Nobunaga to suppress it in 1573.
Roju
老中
alternative words: Roujuu, Senior councilor
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Edo shogunate
,
Bugyo
,
Tanuma Okitsugu
,
Karo
,
Mizuno Tadakuni
,
Kyoto shoshidai
explanation: Top ranking officials in Edo shogunate, they were appointed from fudai daimyo who were the old allies of Tokugawa regime. The regular number is 5 or 6 and they form an inner circle around shogun to make collectively the important decisions. Each roju controlling some bugyo, they should hold an equivalent function of the vice prime minister in a modern nation. Exceptionally tairo, a kind of super roju, was appointed and allowed to make decisions without consulting other roju.
Rokuhara tandai
六波羅探題
alternative words: Rokuhara deputy, Rokuharatandai
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Emperor Gotoba
,
Shugo
,
Heiankyo
,
Yamato dynasty
,
Heishi
,
Hojoshi
related web sites:
http://homepage2.nifty.com/midorigallery/rokuhara/rokuhara.htm
,
http://www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/~yoropara/tishiki/ks00014.htm
explanation: Post settled by Kamakura shogunate to watch the imperial court and charged with the police affairs of Kyoto. Initially these matters had been handled by Kyoto shugo but after Jyokyu rebellion of emperor Gotoba, Rokuhara tandai replaced it with a prerogative of judicial affairs on western Japan. The post was occupied by 2 Hojo members and disappeared with the fall of Kamakura shogunate in 1333. Rokuhara was a southeastern district of Kyoto where Heishi had settled their headquarters.
Shinsengumi
新選組
新撰組
alternative words: Shinsen gumi, Shinsen-gumi
keywords:
meiji revolution
,
office
related topics:
Bakumatsu
,
Meiji revolution
,
Edo shogunate
related web sites:
http://www.toshizo.com
,
http://www.geocities.com/oozarumayo/shinsengumi.html
,
http://www.interq.or.jp/tokyo/toshizo/
explanation: In 1862, in order to assure the security of Kyoto city, Edo shogunate formed a special police force by recruiting among masterless samurai and farmers good in sword technique. Initially called Roshitai, after an internal conflict, Serizawa Kamo then Kondo Isami and Hijikata Toshizo took the control of group and the name changed to Shinsengumi. They provoked terrors among pro imperial samurai with Ikedaya incident in 1864. Shinsengumi disappeared with the defeat of Tokugawa regime in 1868.
Shoen
荘園
alternative words: Manor, Shouen
keywords:
office
,
war lord
related topics:
Taika reform
,
Ritsuryo system
,
Heian period
,
Samurai
,
Onin war
,
Jito
related web sites:
http://www.tamagawa.ac.jp/sisetu/kyouken/kamakura/syouen/
explanation: After Taika reform, the private land ownership had been ban (Ritsuryo system) but it was gradually vacated under a pressure of powerful aristocrats and great temples: first, it was admitted to own new exploitation. Less powerful landowners contributed their lands to more powerful owners to get their aid while they recruited samurai to protect their lands. So at the end of Heian period, virtually all the Japanese lands had become Shoen (manors) and this situation continued until Onin war.
Shogunate
幕府
alternative words: Bakufu, Shogunates
keywords:
office
,
shogun
related topics:
Shogun
,
Kamakura shogunate
,
Muromachi shogunate
,
Edo shogunate
,
Minamoto no Yoritomo
explanation: Initially the term of Bakufu appeared in China to designate the headquarters of a general in expedition and means "office under tent". In Japan, after Minamoto no Yoritomo had become shogun and virtually replaced the prerogative of imperial court, the term was used to designate the shogun's office. There had existed 3 successive shogunates in Japan: Kamakura shogunate, Muromachi shogunate and Edo shogunate, and designate vaguely the period administered by respective shoguns.
Shugo
守護
守護職
alternative words: Shugoshoku, Shugo-shoku, Shugo shoku
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Minamoto no Yoritomo
,
Minamoto no Yoshitsune
,
Muromachi period
,
Gokenin
,
Kokushi
,
Kuni
,
Shugo daimyo
explanation: Shogun Yoritomo created a post of general police for each province (Kuni), "Shugo", by pretending a need to capture Yoshitsune. Shugo was charged to watch "Gokenin" and to assure the security of the province and became a governor's post, parallel to the preexisting "Kokushi". At the end of Kamakura period, most of the posts went to Hojo clan. During Muromachi period, some Shugo controlled several provinces and opposed to the shogunate, then became a war lord (Shugo daimyo).
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18 articles extracted from postgresql database.
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French version