Online dictionary of France travel and tourism: castle

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Compiegne castle

French words: Château de Compiègne , Palais de Compiègne , Musée de Compiègne
alternative words: Compiegne palace, Compiegne museum, Compiegne
keywords: castle , paris suburb , tourist resort
related web sites: http://www.mairie-compiegne.fr , http://www.musee-chateau-compiegne.fr
explanation: Located 50km north-east of Paris, the town of Compiegne had existed since Roman period. After the disintegration of the Empire of Franks by Verdun treaty in 843, Charles II, by inheriting the western part, fixed his capital at Compiegne. During 100 years war in 1430, Jeanne d'Arc was captured by Burgundy troops, allied to England. In 1751, King Louis XV began to rebuild Compiegne castle and achieved in 1788 by Louis XVI. The armistice to end WWI was signed in November 1918 in the forest of Compiegne nearby.

Fontainebleau castle

French words: Château de Fontainebleau , Palais de Fontainebleau
alternative words: Fontainebleau palace, Fontainebleau, Chateau Fontainebleau
keywords: castle , human heritage , paris suburb , tourist resort
related web sites: http://www.chateaudefontainebleau.net , http://www.fontainebleau.com , http://www.fontainebleau-tourisme.com , http://users.skynet.be/ym04/fontainebleau.htm
explanation: Located 50km south east of Paris, military camps always settled at Fontainebleau and many French kings stayed there for a hunting pleasure. Though a royal manor already existed since 12th century, the French king, Francois 1st transformed it in 16th century to a large Renaissance style castle with an aid of Italian artists. Napoleon Bonaparte preferring Fontainebleau to Versailles, he received Pope Pius VII there to be sacred in 1804. He also gave farewell to his guards there in 1814 before exiling to Elba.

Grand Trianon palace

French words: Grand Trianon , Palais du Grand Trianon
alternative words: Grand Trianon
keywords: castle , human heritage , paris suburb , tourist resort
related topics: Versailles palace , Petit Trianon palace
related web sites: http://www.insecula.com/musee/M0038.html , http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Trianon
explanation: In 1670, Louis XIV asked the architect Louis le Vau to build a private palace so he could escape from a burden of protocols in Versailles Palace. The first palace covered with bleu and white faience tiles happened to be too fragile, Jules Hardouin-Mansart was charged to replace it between 1687-1688 by a flat baroque building decorated with rose marble. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette preferred Petit Trianon. After being vandalized by French revolution, Napoleon inhabited Grand Trianon between 1805-1815.

Les Baux-de-Provence

French words: Les Baux-de-Provence , Baux-de-Provence
alternative words: Baux-de-Provence
keywords: castle , southern france , tourist resort
related topics: Aix-en-Provence , Avignon
related web sites: http://www.lesbauxdeprovence.com
explanation: Raised on a tableland between Avignon and Arles, Les Baux-de-Provence had been, during the middle ages, the castle of a small but independent principality: they asserted descendents of a biblical Magi, Balthasar. In 15th century, After having become a part of Provence earldom, Baux was annexed by France together with it. A destruction of the castle by Louis XIII in 1632 and the abandon of the town have allowed a whole medieval city conserved until now. The mineral of bauxite was discovered in 1822 nearby.

Louvre museum

French words: Musée du Louvre , Palais du Louvre , Le Louvre
alternative words: Louvre palace, Louvre gallery, Louvre
keywords: castle , human heritage , museum , paris , tourist resort
related web sites: http://www.louvre.fr , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvre , http://www.insecula.com/musee/M0001.html
explanation: Located on the northern shore of Seine river in Paris, Louvre was built as royal palace by French King, Francois 1st, in 16th century then transformed to a museum in 1793. Since 1983, Grand Louvre plan has begun with the construction of a central glass pyramid and achieved in 1997. With the surface of 160,000 m2, Louvre contains an innumerable collection of world treasures such as Mona Lisa and Venus of Milo.

Luxembourg Garden

French words: Jardin du Luxembourg , Palais du Luxembourg , Sénat
alternative words: Jardin du Luxembourg, Palais du Luxembourg, French Senate
keywords: castle , paris , park
related web sites: http://www.senat.fr , http://www.histoire-en-ligne.com/article.php3?id_article=11
explanation: Situated between Saint Germain des Pres and Quartier Latin districts, Luxembourg Garden was created in 1612. "Palais du Luxembourg" located inside the garden is a Florence style palace built in 1625 for Queen Marie de Medicis after an assassination of King Henri IV. Napoleon Bonaparte transformed it to French Senate in 1799. Covering 23 hectares, Jardin du Luxembourg is one of the biggest public gardens inside Paris and organizes different activities such as Chess and "Jeu de paume", ancestor of Tennis.

Petit Trianon palace

French words: Palais du Petit Trianon
alternative words: Petit Trianon, Queen's hamlet
keywords: castle , human heritage , paris suburb , tourist resort
related topics: Versailles palace , Grand Trianon palace
related web sites: http://www.insecula.com/musee/M0131.html , http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petit_Trianon
explanation: In 1761, Louis XV charged the architect Jacques-Ange Gabriel to build a small palace near Grand Trianon, for his mistress, Madame de Pompadour. Achieved after their death and given by Louis XVI to Queen Marie Antoinette in 1774, Petit Trianon palace is considered a perfect example of French neoclassic building. Some farm houses of 18th century built around a lake, where Marie Antoinette had spent her time to gather vegetables, are restored and called "Queen's hamlet".

Pope palace

French words: Palais des papes , Palais des papes d'Avignon
alternative words: Palace of the popes, Palais des papes
keywords: castle , human heritage , southern france , tourist resort
related topics: Avignon
related web sites: http://www.palais-des-papes.com , http://www.avignon.fr/fr/culture/musees/palais.php
explanation: In order to avoid the conflict with Italians, Pope Clement V moved the pontificated to Avignon in 1309. The next pope, John XXII transformed his Episcopal residence to the pontifical. The 3rd pope, Benedict XII began to build an imposing castle (old palace) as he had been a Cistercian monk. Considering this site as definitive, the next pope, Clement VI enlarge it by adding an elegant edifice (new palace). The last pope, Gregory XI returned back to Rome in 1377 but Avignon elected an own pope (great Schism).

Provins

French words: Provins , Ville de Provins
alternative words: Provins City
keywords: castle , human heritage , paris suburb , tourist resort , town
related web sites: http://www.provins.net
explanation: Having belonged to the powerful Counts of Champagne, Provins has well preserved the aspect of a medieval city (12th-13th centuries) until today and for that reason, it was chosen as a human heritage of UNESCO in 2001. As remarkable architecture, we can quote city's rampart, Cesar tower and St Quiriace church. Each Sunday of summer, the show on a duel of chevalier is organized. Located 100 km east of Paris, you cannot enter Provins with a private car during the high season.

Saint Germain castle

French words: Château de Saint Germain , Château de Saint Germain en Laye
alternative words: Château de Saint Germain, Saint Germain en Laye, Saint Germain
keywords: castle , paris suburb , tourist resort
related topics: RER , Versailles palace
related web sites: http://www.ville-st-germain-en-laye.fr , http://www.musee-antiquitesnationales.fr
explanation: Located 20km west of Paris and north of Versailles, the first Saint Germain castle was built by King Louis VI in 1122. Louis IX (Saint Louis) enlarged it. During 100 years war, the castle was burned out in 1346 by English troops but rebuilt by Charles V in 1367. The garden which commands Seine river was built in 1556 by Henri II and enlarged by Henri IV. King Louis XIV was born at Saint Germain. Restored by Napoleon III, the castle houses now National antiquity museum. You can reach Saint Germain via RER.

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